11 de set. de 2012

Curso de Gramática da Língua Alemã, lição 08


CURSO DE GRAMÁTICA DO IDIOMA ALEMÃO


LIÇÃO 08 (LEKTION ACHT – ARRT)


Em alemão se declinam os artigos, os adjetivo, os substantivos e os pronomes (pessoais, possessivos, demonstrativos, etc..).


Declinação dos artigos definidos


CASO                        MASCULINO           FEMENINO             NEUTRO                  PLURAL

NOMINATIVO          der                              die                              das                             die
ACUSATIVO            den                            die                              das                             die
DATIVO                    dem                           der                              dem                           den


Declinação dos artigos indefinidos mais a negação


CASO                        MASCULINO           FEMENINO              NEUTRO                  PLURAL

NOMINATIVO          (k) ein                        (k) eine                      (k) ein                        einige/keine
ACUSATIVO            (k) einen                   (k) eine                      (k) ein                        einige/keine
DATIVO                    (k) einem                  (k) einer                     (k) einem                  einigen/keinen


O artigo dativo plural modifica os substantivos masculinos e neutros no plural adicionando-se a eles a letra “n”.

Exemplo:

No singular:  Die Freundin kauft dem Freund das Auto.                   A noiva compra o auto para o noivo.
No plural:      die Freundinnen kaufen den Freunden die Autos.    As noivas compram o auto para os noivos.


Esta modificação não se aplica, se o substantivo no plural terminar com a letra “n” ou “s”.

Exemplo:

Nominativo Singular                    Nominativo Plural                         Dativo Plural

der Junge                                         die Jungen                                                  den Jungen
das Baby                                          die Babys                                                    den Babys


Conjugação de verbos


MACH-EN (marren) R                   BEGINN-EN (beguinen) R/I                    GEWINN-EN (guevinen) R/I

Hacer                                                Começar                                                     Ganhar

ich mach-e (marre)                         ich beginn-e (beguine)                             ich gewinn-e (guevine)
du mach-st (marrst)                        du beginn-st(beguinst)                              du gewinn-st (guevinst)

er mach-t (marrt)                             er beginn-t (beguint)                                  er gewinn-t (guevint)
sie mach-t (marrt)                           sie beginn-t (beguint)                                sie gewinn-t (guevint)
es mach-t (marrt)                            es beginn-t (beguint)                                 es gewinn-t (guevint)
man mach-t (marrt)                        man beginn-t (beguint)                             man gewinn-t (guevint)

wir mach-en (marren)                    wir beginn-en (beguinen)                                    wir gewinn-en (guevinen)
ihr mach-t (marrt)                            ihr beginn-t (beguint)                                 ihr gewinn-t (guevint)

sie mach-en (marren)                    sie beginn-en (beguinen)                                    sie gewinn-en (guevinen)
Sie mach-en (marren)                   Sie beginn-en (beguinen)                        Sie gewinn-en (guevinen)


Vocabulário


40                                                       vierzig                                                           firrtsirr
50                                                       fünfzig                                                          fünftsirr
60                                                       sechzig                                                         zektsirr
70                                                       siebzig                                                          ziptsik
80                                                       achtzig                                                          arrtsirr
90                                                       neunzig                                                        nóintsirr
100                                                    ein hundert                                                  ain rrundat
1000                                                  ein tausend                                                 ain tauzend
1.000.000                                         eine Million                                                  ain milhon

die Frage                                          di frrague                                                     a pergunta
die Antwort                                       di antvort)                                                     a resposta
das Buch                                          das burr                                                        o livro
das Telegramm                               das telegram                                               o telegrama
Keiner ist perfekt!                            Kainá ist perrfekt!                                       Nada é perfeito.

Nenhum comentário:

Postar um comentário